引进林木种子苗木及其它繁殖材料检疫审批和监管规定
国家林业局
引进林木种子苗木及其它繁殖材料检疫审批和监管规定
（国家林业局2003年5月30日发布）
第一章 总则
第一条 为有效防止外来有害生物入侵，加强对国外（含境外，下同）引进林木种子、苗木及其它繁殖材料的检疫管理，根据《植物检疫条例》及相关规定，特制定本办法。
第二条 凡从国外引进林木种子、苗木及其它繁殖材料（包括果木、花卉、中药材、绿化水土保持用途草籽），均适用本办法。
第三条 对从国外引进林木种子、苗木及其他繁殖材料的检疫审批，实行国家林业局和各省、自治区、直辖市（以下简称各省）林业主管部门两级审批制度。
第四条 引进林木种子、苗木及其它繁殖材料必须在对外贸易合同或者协议中，注明《引进林木种子、苗木和其它繁殖材料检疫审批单》提出的对外森林植物检疫要求，货物入境必须附具输出国家或地区政府植物检疫机构出具的证明该批货物符合我国提出的对外森林植物检疫要求的植物检疫证书。
第二章 引种申请
第五条 引种单位（或个人）应当有国家林业局认定的，具备《普及型国外引种试种苗圃》资格的种苗繁育基地；不具有上述条件的，引种单位（或个人）引进的林木种子、苗木及其它繁殖材料必须种植在省级以上林业主管部门指定的森林植物检疫隔离试种苗圃中。
第六条 国务院有关部门所属的在京单位及驻京部队、外国驻京机构等，应向国家林业局提出引种申请；其他单位向所在地省级林业主管部门提出申请。
委托代理引种的，向代理人所在地的省级林业主管部门提出申请。
第七条 申请引种时，由引种单位或个人（或代理人）填写《引进林木种子、苗木及其它繁殖材料检疫审批申请表》。属于贸易引进的单位还须具备进出口贸易林木种苗资格。首次引进时，须向审批机关提交工商行政管理部门签发的《企业营业执照》（复印件）。属于政府、团体、科研、教学部门交流、交换、科研用途引种的，需向审批机关提供相关证明材料。
第八条 引种单位与引种种植地不是同一省级区域的，引种单位提交申请表时，必须附有引种种植地所在省的省级林业主管部门同意引种和负责引种后监管的证明材料；代理人与所代理的引种单位引种种植地不是同一省级区域的，代理人提交申请表时，必须附有引种单位引种种植地所在省的省级林业主管部门同意引种并负责引种后监管的证明材料。
第九条 属于引种单位首次引种的品种或引种品种首次引种国家（地区）的，引种单位须调查了解引进的林木种子、苗木及其它繁殖材料在原产地的病虫发生危害情况，并在申请时向审批机关提供有关疫情资料及拟种植地的防范措施等材料；对于引种数量较大（由审批机关根据具体情况自行确定）、疫情不清的，引种单位应事先进行有森检人员参加的引种原产地疫情调查。属于再次引进的，应提交前次引种后采取的监管措施、有害生物发生和防治情况。
第三章 审批
第十条 凡是国家发布的禁止进境的林木种子、苗木及其它繁殖材料禁止审批。
第十一条 首次引种国内或种植地所在省没有的林木种子、苗木及其它繁殖材料，或者已有引种，但一次进口量特别巨大的（由审批机关根据具体情况自行确定），审批前必须进行风险评估。
第十二条 经过风险评估可以引种的，新品种，第一次只能批准引种少量，并经过在审批单位指定的隔离试种苗圃试种成功后方可再次引种；进口量特别巨大的，审批单位应提取一定数量的样品，在指定的隔离试种苗圃实施监管种植。
第十三条 国内已有分布或引种，而拟引种种植地省没有的林木种子、苗木及其它繁殖材料，由种植地的省级林业主管部门确定科研机构开展风险评估；国内没有分布和引种的，由“国家林业局林业有害生物检验鉴定中心”负责风险评估。
第十四条 引种审批机关自收到《引进林木种子、苗木及其它繁殖检疫审批申请表》及其它相关材料之日起，应于30天内对申请单位提交的材料进行审核，并提出处理意见。
第十五条 申请引种数量在省级林业主管部门审批限量内的，由省级林业主管部门审批；重点工程造林苗木、草坪种子、超过省级审批限量的引种由国家林业局审批。在省级林业主管部门申请引种、须国家林业局审批的，由省级林业主管部门将填写好《引进林木种子、苗木及其它繁殖材料检疫审批申请表》，会同相关材料报国家林业局。
代理人与所代理的引种单位引种种植地不是相同省级区域的，由代理人所在省的林业主管部门审批，占用引种单位种植地所属省级林业主管部门的审批指标。
第十六条 《引进林木种子、苗木和其它繁殖材料检疫审批单》批准的有效期限一般为2个月，特殊情况有效期限可适当延长，但最长有效期限不得超过6个月。已逾有效期限或需要改变审批单上引种的品种、数量、输出国家或者地区的，须重新办理检疫审批手续。获批准而没有引进的，必须在有效期满后7天内将已办理的审批单退审批机关。
第十七条 各省林业主管部门应当在每年12月31日前，将本省该年度引进林木种子、苗木及其它繁殖材料检疫审批及疫情监测情况报送国家林业局。新发生（发现）的危险性病虫疫情，按照《森林病虫害预测预报管理办法》执行。
第十八条 《引进林木种子、苗木及其它繁殖材料（含商贸）省级审批限量表》由国家林业局根据林业生产发展实际和疫情变化情况制定修订。《引进林木种子、苗木和其它繁殖材料检疫审批单》由国家林业局统一印制。
第四章 检疫监管
第十九条 各级林业主管部门是引进林水种子、苗木和其它繁殖材料的监管部门。原则上实行“审批机关和引种种植地是相同省级区域，由审批机关负责监管”和“审批机关和引种种植地是不同省级区域，由引种种植地所在省的林业主管部门负责监管”的原则。
第二十条 符合上述原则，但审批单位或引种种植地的林业主管部门不能对引进的林木种子、苗木及其它繁殖材料实施监管时，必须及时向委托监管单位发送委托监管书，防止不能实施有效监管的情况发生。
第二十一条 每次审批，审批机关都要明确该批引进的林木种子、苗木及其它繁殖材料的监管部门及联系方式。各引种单位（或代理人）在引进的林木种子、苗木及其它繁殖材料到达国内并通关后，应在7天内告知负责监管这批货物的森检机构。
第二十二条 国家林业局和省级林业主管部门对认定的《普及型国外引种试种苗圃》实行监管。每年在有害生物发生季节至少到所监管的苗圃对有害生物发生情况调查1—2次，并每2年对所监管的苗圃审核1次。对不符合要求的，取消引种隔离试种资格，由省级林业主管部门收回《普及型国外引种试种苗圃》铜牌，并报国家林业局备案。
第二十三条 引进的林木种子、苗木及其它繁殖材料必须在批准的隔离试种苗圃种植并接受监管。监管时间：一年生植物不得小于1个生长周期，多年生植物不得少于2个生长周期，观赏花卉类1—4周。监管期间，不得进行分散种植或销售。
第二十四条 引种种植地发现疫情的，引种单位必须迅速报告所在地和所在省的林业主管部门，并在当地森检机构的指导和监督下，及时采取封锁、控制和扑灭措施，严防疫情扩散，立即停止移植或销售活动，并承担实施检疫处理的全部费用。在发现疫情前已经移植和销售的，要在林业主管部门的监督下，限期追回。
第五章 附则
第二十五条 对于认真履行本办法规定，及时发现并控制、扑灭疫情的单位和人员，国家林业局给予通报表扬；对于违反本办法规定的，按有关规定追究有关单位和人员的责任。
第二十六条 该办法由国家林业局负责解释。
第二十七条 该办法自公布之日起实施。
MARITIME TRAFFIC SAFETY LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ——附加英文版
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
MARITIME TRAFFIC SAFETY LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Adopted at the Second Meeting of the Standing Committee of the
Sixth National People's Congress, promulgated by Order No. 7 of the
President of the People's Republic of China on September 2, 1983, and
effective as of January, 1, 1984)
Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Inspection and Registration of Vessels
Chapter III Personnel on Vessels and Installations
Chapter IV Navigation, Berthing and Operations
Chapter V Safety Protection
Chapter VI Transport of Dangerous Goods
Chapter VII Rescue from Disasters at Sea
Chapter VIII Salvage and Removal of Sunken and Drifting Objects
Chapter IX Investigation and Handling of Traffic Accidents
Chapter X Legal Liability
Chapter XI Special Provisions
Chapter XII Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
This law is formulated in order to strengthen the control of maritime
traffic; ensure the safety of vessels, installations, human life and
property; and safeguard the rights and interests of the state.
Article 2
This Law shall apply to all vessels, installations and personnel and to
the owners and managers of such vessels and installations that navigate,
berth or operate in the coastal waters of the People's Republic of China.
Article 3
The harbour superintendence agencies of the People's Republic of China
shall be the competent authorities responsible for the unified supervision
and administration of traffic safety in the coastal waters.
Chapter II Inspection and Registration of Vessels
Article 4
Vessels and their major equipment relating to navigation safety must have
valid technical certificates issued by vessel inspection departments.
Article 5
A vessel must have a certificates showing its nationality, a vessel
registry certificate or a vessel licence.
Chapter III Personnel on Vessels and Installations
Article 6
Vessels shall be manned with qualified crew members according to a
standard quota to ensure the vessels' safety.
Article 7
The captain, chief engineer, pilot, engineers, radio and telephone
operators and similar personnel on board seaplanes or submersibles must
hold valid job certificates. All other crew members must undergo
specialized technical training required for their work.
Article 8
In accordance with state provisions, all installations shall be provided
with personnel who have mastered the techniques of collision avoidance,
signalling, communications, fire control, life-saving and other
operations.
Article 9
All personnel on vessels and installations must observe relevant rules and
regulations concerning maritime traffic safety, follow the operating rules
and ensure the safety of the vessels and installations in navigation,
berthing and operations.
Chapter IV Navigation, Berthing and Operations
Article 10
While navigating, berthing or carrying out operations, vessels and
installations must abide by the relevant laws, administrative statutes and
rules and regulations of the People's Republic of China.
Article 11
Non-military vessels of foreign nationality may not enter the internal
waters and harbours of the People's Republic of China without the approval
of its competent authorities. However, under unexpected circumstances such
as critical illness of personnel, engine breakdown or the vessels being in
distress or seeking shelter from weather when they do not have the time to
obtain approval, they may, while entering China's internal waters of
harbour, make an emergency report to the competent authorities and shall
obey its directions.
Military vessels of foreign nationality may not enter the territorial
waters of the People's Republic of China without the approval of the
Government of the People's Republic of China.
Article 12
Vessels sailing on international routes that enter and leave the harbours
of the People's Republic of China must accept inspection by the competent
authorities. Vessels of Chinese nationality sailing on domestic routes
that enter and leave such harbours must obtain port entry and departure
visas.
Article 13
Vessels of foreign nationality entering and leaving a harbour of the
People's Republic of China, navigating or shifting berths in the harbour
area, or approaching or leaving mooring points or loading spots outside
the harbour must be navigated by a pilot designated by the competent
authorities.
Article 14
When entering or leaving harbours or passing through controlled traffic
areas, crowded navigable areas or areas where navigational conditions are
restricted, vessels must observe the special regulations promulgated by
the Government of the People's Republic of China or by the competent
authorities.
Article 15
Vessels shall be prohibited from entering or passing through restricted
navigation zones unless specially permitted by the competent authorities.
Article 16
Towing operations on the open sea involving large-sized installations and
mobile platforms must undergo towing inspection conducted by vessel
inspection departments and be reported to the competent authorities for
examination and approval.
Article 17
If the competent authorities finds the actual condition of a vessel to be
not in conformity with what is stated in the vessel's certificates, it
shall have the right to require the vessel to apply for a new inspection
or notify its owner or manager to adopt effective safety measures.
Article 18
If the competent authorities believes that a vessel presents a menace to
the safety of a harbour, it shall have the right to forbid the vessel from
entering the harbour or to order it to leave the harbour.
Article 19
The competent authorities shall have the right to forbid a vessel or an
installation from leaving the harbour or order it to suspend its voyage,
change its route or cease its operations under any one of the following
circumstances:
(1) if it violates any law, administrative statute or other rule or
regulation of the People's Republic of China;
(2) if it is in a condition unsuitable for navigation or towing;
(3) if it was involved in a traffic accident and has not completed the
necessary formalities;
(4) if it has not paid the fees that are due or furnished appropriate
security to the competent authorities or the department concerned: or
(5) if the competent authorities considers that there are other
circumstances that will jeopardize or might jeopardize maritime traffic
safety.
Chapter V Safety Protection
Article 20
Construction operations to be carried out on the surface or underwater in
coastal waters and the demarcation of corresponding safe operation zones
must be reported to the competent authorities for examination and approval
and must be publicly announced. Vessels not involved in the construction
project may not enter the safe operation zones. The construction unit may
not enlarge such zones without authorization. When shore lines are to be
used in harbour areas or when construction work, including overhead
operations, is to be carried out on the sea surface or underwater in such
areas, the plan and a drawing thereof must be submitted to the competent
authorities for examination and approval.
Article 21
The designation of restricted navigation zones in coastal waters must be
approved by the State Council or the competent authorities. However, the
designation of restricted navigation zones for military purposes shall be
approved by the competent department of the state in charge of military
affairs.
The restricted navigation zones shall be announced by the competent
authorities.
Article 22
Without the approval of the competent authorities, no installations may be
established or constructed, nor may any activities that hinder
navigational safety be carried out in harbour areas, anchorages,
navigation lanes, or crowded navigable areas, as well as in navigation
routes announced by the competent authorities.
With respect to any installations which have been established or
constructed in the above-mentioned areas without authorization, the
competent authorities shall have the right to order their owners to remove
or dismantle the installations within a given period of time.
Article 23
It shall be forbidden to damage navigation aids or navigational
facilities. Whoever has damaged navigation aids or navigational facilities
shall immediately report the damage to the competent authorities and be
liable for compensation.
Article 24
Vessels and installations shall promptly make a report to the competent
authorities if they discover any of the following situations:
(1) If navigation aids or navigational facilities malfunction or become
abnormal;
(2) if an obstacle or drifting object jeopardizing the safety of
navigation is discovered; or
(3) if there are other abnormal situations jeopardizing the safety of
navigation.
Article 25
No obstacle affecting the efficacy of navigation aids may be erected or
installed in areas surrounding the aids. Any lights in the vicinity of the
navigation aids or navigational lanes that jeopardize navigation safety
shall be properly screened.
Article 26
When removing or dismantling installations, salvaging or removing sunken
ships or objects, and handling the finishing operations of underwater
projects, no hidden dangers shall be left to menace navigational or
operational safety. Before the aforesaid operations have been properly
completed, their owners or managers must be responsible for erecting
markers as required and making an accurate report to the competent
authority on the type, shape, size and location of the obstacle and the
depth of water over it.
Article 27
Safety administration must be strengthened with respect to harbour
wharves, mooring points and loading spots outside of harbour areas as well
as ship locks, so that they are always kept in good condition.
Article 28
To meet the requirements of maritime traffic safety, the competent
authority shall fix and adjust traffic control areas and harbour
anchorages. The designation of anchorages outside of harbour areas shall
be announced by the competent authority after the report relative thereto
has been submitted to and approved by higher authorities.
Article 29
The competent authorities shall, in accordance with relevant provisions of
the state, be responsible for issuing navigational warnings and
navigational notices.
Article 30
In order to ensure the safety of navigation, berthing and operations, the
departments concerned shall maintain unimpeded communications facilities,
ensure distinct and effective navigation aids and navigational facilities
and, in a timely manner, provide offshore meteorological forecasts and
necessary books and reference materials concerning maritime navigation.
Article 31
When vessels and installations are involved in accidents that jeopardize
or may jeopardize traffic safety, the competent authorities shall have the
right to take necessary, compulsory measures to deal with the matter.
Chapter VI Transport of Dangerous Goods
Article 32
When vessels or installations store, load, unload or transport dangerous
goods, they must maintain safe and reliable equipment and conditions and
observe the state provisions governing the control and transport of
dangerous goods.
Article 33
When vessels load and transport dangerous goods, they must go through the
procedures for declaration to the competent authorities and they may not
enter or leave the harbour or load or unload until approval has been
obtained.
Chapter VII Rescue from Disasters at Sea
Article 34
When vessels, installations or aircraft are in distress, they shall, in
addition to issuing distress signals calling for help, use the quickest
method possible to report to the competent authorities the time and place
of the accident, the extent of damage, the assistance required and the
cause of the accident.
Article 35
Vessels, installations or aircraft in distress and their owners or mangers
shall take all effective measures to organize their own rescue efforts.
Article 36
When vessels or installations in the vicinity of the scene of an accident
receive a distress signal or discover that people's lives are endangered,
they shall do their best to rescue the people in distress insofar as their
own safety is not seriously endangered, and promptly report to the
competent authorities the situation at the scene, their own names, call
numbers and positions.
Article 37
Vessels or installations involved in a collision shall exchange their
names, nationalities and ports of registry and do their best to rescue
personnel in distress. The vessels involved may not leave the scene of
the accident without authorization, insofar as their own safety is not
seriously endangered.
Article 38
Upon receiving a request for rescue, the competent authorities shall
immediately organize a rescue operation. All units concerned and vessels
or installations in the vicinity of the scene must act under the orders of
the competent authorities.
Article 39
When a foreign country intends to dispatch vessels or aircraft into the
territorial waters or the airspace over the territorial waters of the
People's Republic of China to search for and rescue vessels or people in
distress, it must obtain the approval of the competent [Chinese]
authorities.
Chapter VIII Salvage and Removal of Sunken and Drifting Objects
Article 40
With respect to sunken or drifting objects that may affect the safety of
navigation and the management of navigation lanes, as well as those
constituting a threat of explosion, the owners or managers thereof shall
salvage and remove such objects within a deadline set by the competent
authorities. Otherwise, the competent authorities shall have the right to
take measures to compel the salvage and removal of the objects, and their
owners or managers shall bear all the expenses incurred thereby.
The provisions of this Article shall not prejudice the rights of the
owners or managers of the sunken or drifting objects to demand
compensation from third parties.
Article 41
No sunken vessels or sunken objects in the coastal waters may be salvaged
or dismantled without the approval of the competent authorities.
Chapter IX Investigation and Handling of Traffic Accidents
Article 42
Any vessel or installation involved in a traffic accident shall submit a
written accident report and relative materials to the competent
authorities and accept its investigation and handling of the accident.
While being investigated by the competent authorities the parties involved
in the accident and relevant personnel must give a truthful account of
circumstances at the scene of the accident and other relevant information.
Article 43
In the event of a traffic accident that involves a vessel or installation,
the competent authorities shall ascertain the cause of the accident and
fix the responsibility for it.
Chapter X Legal Liability
Article 44
The competent authorities shall, in the light of the circumstances, impose
one or more of the following penalties on anyone who violates this Law:
(1) warnings;
(2) withholding or revoking work certificates; or
(3) fines.
Article 45
If a party does not accept the penalty of a fine or revocation of his work
certificate imposed by the competent authorities, he may bring suit in a
people's court within 15 days after receiving notification of the penalty.
If he neither brings suit nor complies with the penalty upon the
expiration of that period, the competent authorities shall request
compulsory enforcement from the people's court.
Article 46
A civil dispute arising from a maritime traffic accident may be settled
through mediation by the competent authorities. If the parties are
unwilling to have the case mediated or if the mediation is unsuccessful,
the parties may bring suit in the people's court. Parties to a case
involving foreign interests may also submit the case to an arbitration
agency for mediation, in accordance with the written agreement concluded
between them.
Article 47
Those whose violation of this Law constitutes a crime shall be
investigated for their criminal responsibility by judicial organs in
accordance with the Law.
Chapter XI Special Provisions
Article 48
Within the waters of fishing harbours, the state fisheries administration
and fishing harbour superintendence agencies shall exercise the functions
and powers of the competent authorities as provided in this Law, being
responsible for the supervision and administration of traffic safety and
for the investigation and handling of traffic accidents between fishing
vessels in coastal waters. Concrete measures for implementation shall be
separately prescribed by the State Council.
Article 49
The internal administration of offshore military jurisdictional areas and
military vessels and installations, the administration of surface and
underwater operations carried out for military purposes, and the
inspection and registration of public security vessels, the provision of
their personnel and the issuing of their port entry and departure visas
shall be separately prescribed by the relevant competent departments of
the state in accordance with this Law.
Chapter XII Supplementary Provisions
Article 50
For the purpose of this Law, the definitions of the following terms are:
"Coastal waters" means the harbours, inland waters, territorial waters and
all other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the state along the seacoast
of the People's Republic of China.
"Vessels" means all types of displacement or non-displacement ships,
rafts, seaplanes, submersibles and mobile platforms.
"Installations" means all types of surface and underwater structures or
installations, whether fixed or floating, and fixed platforms.
"Operations" means investigations, exploration, exploitation, survey
construction, dredging, demolition, rescue, salvage, towing, fishing,
aquatic breeding, loading and unloading, scientific experimentation and
other surface and underwater operations.
Article 51
The competent department of the State Council shall, on the basis of this
Law, formulate rules for its implementation, which shall go into effect
after being submitted to and approved by the State Council.
Article 52
In cases of conflict between laws and regulations pertaining to maritime
traffic safety hitherto promulgated and this Law, this Law shall prevail.
Article 53
This Law shall go into effect on January 1, 1984.
Important Notice:
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.